Beginning with a suspicious-financial-activity report in early 2017, Belgian investigators uncovered an alleged network involving player agents, referees, coaches, club executives and intermediaries in the country's top two divisions. Agents Mogi Bayat and Dejan Veljkovic were accused of operating schemes that concealed commissions and other payments connected to player transfers, salaries and managerial contracts. While tracing the money, investigators found indications that the corruption reached the field itself, particularly two final-day matches in the 2017–18 Belgian First Division A: KV Mechelen's 2–0 victory over Waasland-Beveren and Eupen's 4–0 win over Mouscron. The affair exploded publicly on 10 October 2018, when Belgian police carried out 44 searches at club headquarters and private residences, with 14 more raids in France, Luxembourg, Cyprus, Montenegro, Serbia and North Macedonia. Twenty-nine suspects were arrested in Belgium, four abroad, and investigators seized cash, jewels, luxury watches, financial documents and assets worth millions of euros. The scale was so unusual that as many as three examining magistrates worked on the case simultaneously, a procedure normally associated with terrorism investigations. The case also produced Belgium's first formal statutory plea bargain: Veljkovic became the country's first official 'spijtoptant,' agreeing to provide substantial information in exchange for a suspended five-year sentence, a suspended €80,000 fine and confiscation of illegally acquired assets. The Royal Belgian Football Association later found KV Mechelen guilty of match-fixing. Its initial punishment—relegation and a 12-point penalty—was partly overturned on appeal because the sporting offense had occurred in a previous season, but the club was barred from the 2019–20 Belgian Cup and stripped of its Europa League place. Referees Bart Vertenten and Sébastien Delferière were suspended, while dozens of football figures faced criminal or disciplinary proceedings. The scandal triggered demands for tighter regulation of agents, scrutiny of Belgium's favorable tax treatment for professional athletes, and a broad audit of more than 200 individuals and organizations for suspected fraud, tax evasion or money laundering.
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