On 30 December 2019, Wuhan ophthalmologist Li Wenliang shared an internal diagnostic report and warned a private WeChat group of medical-school classmates about seven suspected SARS cases linked to the Huanan Seafood Market. He asked recipients to take precautions and keep the discussion discreet, but screenshots spread publicly. On 3 January 2020, Wuhan police summoned Li and seven other doctors, accused them of making false online comments about an unconfirmed SARS outbreak, and forced Li to sign a written admonition threatening prosecution for further violations.
The warning concerned a new coronavirus rather than SARS, but the underlying danger was real. Li returned to work, contracted COVID-19 while treating a patient, and died at Wuhan Central Hospital on 7 February 2020, aged 34. After his death, public anger focused on censorship and the suppression of medical warnings; related hashtags, including #WeWantFreedomOfSpeech, were removed from Chinese social platforms. On 4 February, China’s Supreme People’s Court said the eight citizens should not have been punished, and on 19 March Wuhan police revoked Li’s admonition and apologized to his family. A subsequent official inquiry exonerated him, while the National Supervisory Commission investigated the surrounding events. Li was posthumously honored as a national martyr in April 2020.