Jonathan Buma, an FBI special agent who spent much of his 16-year career on Russian counterintelligence, told the Senate Judiciary Committee in July 2023 that Rudy Giuliani had allegedly been used by Ukrainian businessman Pavel Fuks in a Russian disinformation operation intended to damage Joe Biden and aid Donald Trump during the 2020 presidential campaign. Buma also alleged that an FBI supervisor ordered him in August 2022 to stop investigating Giuliani and sever contacts with sources reporting corruption involving Trump associates. Those claims were contested, and Buma’s account did not itself establish that the allegations were true.
The episode was compounded by the collapse of one of Buma’s sources, identified as Israeli-American businessman Alexander Smirnov, who had promoted allegations involving Hunter Biden and George Soros. Smirnov pleaded guilty in December 2024 to making false statements to the FBI and was sentenced to six years in prison in February 2025. The FBI raided Buma’s Los Angeles-area home on November 13, 2023; on March 17, 2025, he was arrested at JFK Airport and charged with illegally disclosing confidential information about FBI sources. Buma denied wrongdoing, leaving the broader claims subject to legal and investigative scrutiny.