On January 17, 2025, Philippine authorities arrested Chinese national Deng Yuanqing and two Filipino accomplices in Makati, alleging that they were conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance against critical infrastructure, including military facilities accessible to the United States under the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement. Investigators seized a Toyota RAV4 fitted with GNSS RTK navigation equipment, data-transmission tools, and a LiDAR device. Armed Forces chief Romeo Brawner Jr. said the group had visited military bases, while the National Bureau of Investigation alleged that it collected imagery of Coast Guard stations, naval vessels, docks, and other strategic sites.
Deng, a software engineer and permanent Philippine resident, pleaded not guilty to charges under the Commonwealth Act 616 Espionage Act of 1941 and the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. His family said he was conducting road surveys for autonomous-driving technology, and civic leader Teresita Ang See argued that the equipment could be commercially available; NBI director Jaime Santiago disputed that characterization, calling the LiDAR equipment military-grade. The NBI arrested five additional Chinese nationals on January 24–25, and six more Chinese nationals and a Filipino bodyguard on March 19 after authorities alleged they used drones near Grande Island to document naval assets. China rejected the accusations and urged Manila to “stick to the facts”; no conviction was reported in the supplied source.